Writing an operating system for weapons architecture
I would start by getting familiar with what is already there - Linux is a good start. Take a look at the bootloaders used in the rPi distributions - what Debian Squeeze uses, such as uBoot and BareBox . Another option is CFE - which is BSD licensed and good during debugging / early development.
Another thing is to take a look at the ucLinux and ucLibC systems, as well as buildroot and OpenWRT - all of which are designed to be compressed into a small system.
Of course, you create your own kernel - you'll want to go much deeper - and spend time understanding the MMU, process management / multitasking, interrupts, and so on. Good experience in microcontroller programming, assembly language and CPU / SOC architecture will be essential. With the ARM family, you want to know which instruction sets are supported and which chips have features like MMU, FPU, etc.
Good luck - this sounds like an interesting project.
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