Formal understanding of the full type concept

I am trying to understand this concept formally. Section 13/1 says:

two declarations in the same scope that declare the same name but with different types are called overloaded declarations. Only function and function declaration template can be overloaded ; variable and declaration type cannot be overloaded.

This formally means, for example, that programs contain the following:

extern int a[5];
int a[6];

      

poorly formed due to different types int[5]

and int[6]

.

Now consider the declaration

extern int a[];
int a[6];

      

The standard says 3.9 / 6:

The declared object type of an array may be an array of unknown size and therefore must be incomplete at one point in the translation unit and finish later; the types of the arrays at these two points ("array unknown bound T" and "array N T") are different types .

But, as @MattMcNabb said in a comment earlier, this declaration declared variables of the same type. And this is natural and logical, but what "Standard" means is not clear.

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As you noticed, the following is not allowed:

extern int a[5];
int a[6];

      

anyway there is a catch for

extern int a[];
int a[6];

      



§ 3.5 / 10

After all type settings (during which typedefs (7.1.3) are replaced by their definitions), the types specified by all declarations related to a given variable or function must be identical , except that declarations for an array object can indicate array types that differ in the presence or absence of the main array (8.3.4) . Violation of this rule for type identity does not require diagnosis.

This is actually an exception to the rule. It won't work if the type is different

extern int arr[];
float arr[6];

      

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