How to efficiently use cardlayout in java to switch from panel using buttons inside various panel constructors
I am new to using cardlayout and I have a few questions on how to implement it. First I would like to know the best way to implement cardlayout so that I can switch from panel to panel. My main question is how do I use buttons inside my panel constructors to switch from panel to panel. I just started working on this project today, so you will see some code that is not finished yet or it doesn't make sense. At first I tried to make all my classes to extend the JFrame, but this resulted in several unwanted windows appearing. If I can get an example of how to use cardlayout effectively and how to switch with panels using buttons in other panel constructors. My attempts to use cardlayout only worked for the buttons I created in my gui class,but this is not the result I want. Please help if you can and thanks in advance.
This is my main class.
public class controller{
public static void main(String[] args){
new Gui();
}
}
This is my gui class.
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class Gui extends JFrame{
homePage home = new homePage();
public JPanel loginPanel = new textEmailLog(),
registerPanel = new Register(),
homePanel = new homePage(), viewPanel = new emailView(),
loadPanel = new loadEmail(), contentPanel = new JPanel(new CardLayout());
CardLayout cardLayout = new CardLayout();
public Gui(){
super("Email Database Program");
setSize(700,700);
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
contentPanel.setLayout(cardLayout);
contentPanel.add(loginPanel, "Login");
contentPanel.add(registerPanel, "Register");
contentPanel.add(homePanel, "Home");
contentPanel.add(viewPanel, "View");
contentPanel.add(loadPanel, "Load");
this.setContentPane(contentPanel);
cardLayout.show(contentPanel, "Login");
setVisible(true);
}
Input panel class
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
//panel has been added
public class textEmailLog extends JPanel{
JPanel logGui = null;
JButton registerBut, logBut;
JTextField Login;
public textEmailLog(){
//default characteristics
setSize(700,700);
setName("Email Database");
//setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//Labels for username and password
JLabel userLab = new JLabel("Username");
JLabel pwLab = new JLabel("Password");
//textfields for username and password
Login = new JTextField("", 15);
JPasswordField Password = new JPasswordField("", 15);
Password.setEchoChar('*');
//login button that confirms username and password
logBut = new JButton("Login");
logBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//needs regex checks prior to logging in
if(e.getSource() == logBut){
/* Change the panel to the homepage
if(Login.getText().equals() && Password.getText().equals()){
}
*/
new homePage();
}
}
});
registerBut = new JButton("Register");
registerBut.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == registerBut){
//Change the panel to the register panel
}
}
});
//Box layout for organization of jcomponents
Box verticalContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
Box horizontalContainer = Box.createHorizontalBox();
Box mergerContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
//add to panel
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(300));//begin relative to the center
verticalContainer.add(userLab);//Login label and text
verticalContainer.add(Login);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(pwLab);//password label and text
verticalContainer.add(Password);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(registerBut);//register button
horizontalContainer.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(logBut);//login button
//combines both the vertical and horizontal container
mergerContainer.add(verticalContainer);
mergerContainer.add(horizontalContainer);
add(mergerContainer);
//this.add(logGui);
setVisible(true);
}
}
My registration panel class
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
//No Panel addition
public class Register extends JPanel{
JButton submit, previous;
JLabel firstLab, lastLab, userLab, passwordLab, repassLab, address, emailAdd, errorLabel;
JTextField firstText, lastText, userText, addText, emailAddText;
JPasswordField passwordText, repassText;
public Register(){
setSize(700,700);
//setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
//register values and their labels and textfields
firstLab = new JLabel("First Name: ");
firstText = new JTextField("", 25);
lastLab = new JLabel("Last Name: ");
lastText = new JTextField("", 40);
userLab = new JLabel("Username: ");
userText = new JTextField("", 25);
passwordLab = new JLabel("Password: ");
passwordText = new JPasswordField("", 25);
passwordText.setEchoChar('*');
repassLab = new JLabel("Confirm Password");
repassText = new JPasswordField("", 25);
repassText.setEchoChar('*');
address = new JLabel("Address: ");
addText = new JTextField("", 50);
emailAdd = new JLabel("Email Address: ");
emailAddText = new JTextField("", 50);
//error message for reigstration issues
errorLabel = new JLabel();
errorLabel.setForeground(Color.red);
submit = new JButton("Submit");
submit.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == submit){
//confirm with regex methods and if statements that have been created and need to be created
if(firstText.getText().length() == 0){
errorLabel.setText("*You have not entered a first name!");
}else
if(lastText.getText().length() == 0){
errorLabel.setText("*You have not entered a last name!");
}else
if(userText.getText().length() == 0){
errorLabel.setText("*You have not entered a username!");
}else
if(passwordText.toString().length() == 0){
errorLabel.setText("*You have not entered a Password!");
}else
if(repassText.toString().length() == 0){
errorLabel.setText("*You have not matched your password!");
}
if(addText.getText().length() == 0){
errorLabel.setText("*You have not entered an address!");
}else
if(emailAddText.getText().length() == 0){
errorLabel.setText("*You have not entered an Email address!");
}else
if(userText.getText().length() < 8){
errorLabel.setText("*Username is too short!");
}
else
if(!(passwordText.toString().matches(repassText.toString()))){
errorLabel.setText("Passwords do not match!");
}
else
if(!isValidEmailAddress(emailAddText.getText())){
errorLabel.setText("*Invalid Email!");
}
else
if(!isValidAddress(addText.getText())){
errorLabel.setText("*Invalid Address!");
}
}
}
});
//returns to the previous page
previous = new JButton("Previous Page");
previous.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == previous){
//card.show(login panel);
}
}
});
Box verticalContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
Box horizontalContainer = Box.createHorizontalBox();
Box mergerContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(150));
verticalContainer.add(firstLab);
verticalContainer.add(firstText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(lastLab);
verticalContainer.add(lastText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(userLab);
verticalContainer.add(userText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(passwordLab);
verticalContainer.add(passwordText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(repassLab);
verticalContainer.add(repassText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(address);
verticalContainer.add(addText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(emailAdd);
verticalContainer.add(emailAddText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
//horizontal
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(submit);
horizontalContainer.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(previous);
//merger
mergerContainer.add(verticalContainer);
mergerContainer.add(horizontalContainer);
add(mergerContainer);
setVisible(true);
}
//regex check for valid Email
public boolean isValidEmailAddress(String email){
java.util.regex.Pattern p = java.util.regex.Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z0-9._\\%-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4}");
java.util.regex.Matcher m = p.matcher(email);
return m.matches();
}
//regex check for valid Address
public boolean isValidAddress(String address){
java.util.regex.Pattern p = java.util.regex.Pattern.compile("\\d{1,3}.?\\d{0,3}\\s[a-zA-Z]{2,30}\\s[a-zA-Z]{2,15}");
java.util.regex.Matcher m = p.matcher(address);
return m.matches();
}
}
Home page panel class
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
//NO Panel Yet
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class homePage extends JPanel{
JButton uploadEmail, viewEmail;
public homePage(){
setSize(700,700);
uploadEmail = new JButton("Upload Your Email");
uploadEmail.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == uploadEmail){
new loadEmail();
}
}
});
viewEmail = new JButton("View An Email");
viewEmail.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == viewEmail){
new emailView();
}
}
});
add(uploadEmail);
add(viewEmail);
setVisible(true);
}
}
My View pane
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class emailView extends JPanel{
JPanel viewPanel;
JButton logout, delete, homepage;
JTable emailList;
//Cannot be edited or may be in a new panel
/*
JLabel fileLab, toLab, fromLab, subjectLab,topicLab, emailLab, notesLab, attachLab;
JTextField fileText, toText, fromText, subjectText, topicText;
JTextArea emailText, notesText, attachText;
*/
public emailView(){
setSize(700,700);
setVisible(true);
emailList = new JTable();
logout = new JButton("Logout");
logout.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == logout){
new textEmailLog();
}
}
});
delete = new JButton("Delete");
delete.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == delete){
}
}
});
homepage = new JButton("HomePage");
homepage.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == homepage){
new homePage();
}
}
});
Box horizontalContainer = Box.createHorizontalBox();
Box verticalContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
Box mergerContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
horizontalContainer.add(logout);
horizontalContainer.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(homepage);
horizontalContainer.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(delete);
horizontalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(emailList);
mergerContainer.add(horizontalContainer);
mergerContainer.add(verticalContainer);
add(mergerContainer);
setVisible(true);
}
}
My email bar to send
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
public class loadEmail extends JPanel{
JPanel loadPanel;
JLabel fileLab, toLab, fromLab, subjectLab, topicLab, emailLab, notesLab, attachLab;
JTextField fileText, toText, fromText, subjectText, topicText;
JTextArea emailText, notesText, attachText; //attachment text will be changed
JButton cancel, complete, enter;//enter may not be necessary
public loadEmail(){
setSize(700,700);
fileLab = new JLabel("Enter a new File: ");
fileText = new JTextField();
enter = new JButton("Enter");
enter.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == enter){
//opens file directory window
}
}
});
toLab = new JLabel("To: ");
toText = new JTextField();
toText.setSize(5, 30);
fromLab = new JLabel("From: ");
fromText = new JTextField();
subjectLab = new JLabel("Subject: ");
subjectText = new JTextField();
topicLab = new JLabel("Topic: ");
topicText = new JTextField();
emailLab = new JLabel("Email Content: ");
emailText = new JTextArea();
notesLab = new JLabel("Comments: ");
notesText = new JTextArea();
attachLab = new JLabel("Attachments");
attachText = new JTextArea();
cancel = new JButton("Cancel");
cancel.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == cancel){
//dispose page
}
}
});
complete = new JButton("Complete");
complete.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getSource() == complete){
//store in database, prompt user for new email to enter in other wise return to homepage
}
}
});
Box verticalContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
Box horizontalContainer = Box.createHorizontalBox();
Box mergerContainer = Box.createVerticalBox();
verticalContainer.add(fileLab);
verticalContainer.add(fileText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(50));
verticalContainer.add(enter);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(toLab);
verticalContainer.add(toText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(fromLab);
verticalContainer.add(fromText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(subjectLab);
verticalContainer.add(subjectText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(topicLab);
verticalContainer.add(topicText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(emailLab);
verticalContainer.add(emailText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(notesLab);
verticalContainer.add(notesText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
verticalContainer.add(attachLab);
verticalContainer.add(attachText);
verticalContainer.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(cancel);
horizontalContainer.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(5));
horizontalContainer.add(complete);
mergerContainer.add(verticalContainer);
mergerContainer.add(horizontalContainer);
add(mergerContainer);
setVisible(true);
}
}
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1 answer
The short answer is no. The reason for this is that you end up with the parent container and CardLayout
all your additional components, which not only exposes parts of your application to potential abuse, but also tightly connects the navigation, making it difficult to add / remove steps in the future ...
The best solution would be to develop a controller interface
that determines what it can do every kind (eg showHome
, nextView
, previousView
)), then you will pass the implementation of this interface for each point of view. Each view will then use this interface to request the change as needed.
The controller will know things like the current view, home view, and how to navigate between certain views (next / previous) as needed.
Updated with a simple example
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ComponentAdapter;
import java.awt.event.ComponentEvent;
import java.awt.event.ContainerAdapter;
import java.awt.event.ContainerEvent;
import java.awt.event.HierarchyEvent;
import java.awt.event.HierarchyListener;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class AllYouViewBelongToMe {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new AllYouViewBelongToMe();
}
public AllYouViewBelongToMe() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
}
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(new TestPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public interface ViewContoller {
public void goHome();
public void nextView();
public void previousView();
}
public static class DefaultViewController implements ViewContoller {
public static final String HOME = "home";
private Component currentView = null;
private List<Component> views;
private Map<Component, String> mapNames;
private Container parent;
private CardLayout cardLayout;
public DefaultViewController(Container parent, CardLayout cardLayout) {
this.parent = parent;
this.cardLayout = cardLayout;
views = new ArrayList<>(25);
mapNames = new HashMap<>(25);
}
public CardLayout getCardLayout() {
return cardLayout;
}
public Container getParent() {
return parent;
}
public void addView(Component comp, String name) {
if (!HOME.equals(name)) {
views.add(comp);
}
mapNames.put(comp, name);
getParent().add(comp, name);
}
public void removeView(Component comp, String name) {
views.remove(comp);
mapNames.remove(comp);
getParent().remove(comp);
}
@Override
public void goHome() {
currentView = null;
getCardLayout().show(getParent(), HOME);
}
@Override
public void nextView() {
if (views.size() > 0) {
String name = null;
if (currentView == null) {
currentView = views.get(0);
name = mapNames.get(currentView);
} else {
int index = views.indexOf(currentView);
index++;
if (index >= views.size()) {
index = 0;
}
currentView = views.get(index);
name = mapNames.get(currentView);
}
getCardLayout().show(getParent(), name);
}
}
@Override
public void previousView() {
if (views.size() > 0) {
String name = null;
if (currentView == null) {
currentView = views.get(views.size() - 1);
name = mapNames.get(currentView);
} else {
int index = views.indexOf(currentView);
index--;
if (index < 0) {
index = views.size() - 1;
}
currentView = views.get(index);
name = mapNames.get(currentView);
}
getCardLayout().show(getParent(), name);
}
}
}
public class TestPane extends JPanel {
public TestPane() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
CardLayout cardLayout = new CardLayout();
JPanel view = new JPanel(cardLayout);
final DefaultViewController controller = new DefaultViewController(view, cardLayout);
controller.addView(createPane("home"), DefaultViewController.HOME);
controller.addView(createPane("Page #1"), "View1");
controller.addView(createPane("Page #2"), "View2");
controller.addView(createPane("Page #3"), "View3");
controller.addView(createPane("Page #4"), "View4");
controller.goHome();
JPanel controls = new JPanel();
JButton btnPrev = new JButton("<");
JButton btnHome = new JButton("Home");
JButton btnNext = new JButton(">");
controls.add(btnPrev);
controls.add(btnHome);
controls.add(btnNext);
btnNext.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
controller.nextView();
}
});
btnPrev.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
controller.previousView();
}
});
btnHome.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
controller.goHome();
}
});
add(view);
add(controls, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
}
protected JPanel createPane(String name) {
JPanel panel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
panel.add(new JLabel(name));
return panel;
}
}
}
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