Broken ASP.NET UI

I have been developing an ASP.NET MVC 5 application for a while now.

After an update that greatly changed the structure of the database, the user interface went crazy. I think this is an IIS issue as it only works on the client machine and I can't replicate it, but I don't know where to start looking for it.

I tried restarting everything but without permission.

This has been happening over the course of several days, and I am not aware.

As you can see in the picture, the CSS is not working correctly, the images are not displayed, and the resource data (for language switching) is going crazy.

I don't know if the update did something or not, but it shouldn't happen as I only changed the models and controllers. I've removed a few screens, but it shouldn't affect.

If I use it on a new machine, no problem.

I know this question is really ambiguous, but I looked through the cshtml files, I couldn't find errors and I don't know what information / code to give. I can update if anyone can help.

Update:

Thanks for all your answers. Sorry for my late. I did not expect answers so quickly. This is how it looks on mine:

The big problem is that I don't have access to their server. I work with someone else on the phone and they send me pictures.

UPDATE 2:

It didn't work with CTRL + F5 and clearing browsing history (I didn't think about that since it's the same on the two laptops they use to access the app). They are not allowed to install other browsers besides Mozilla and Internet Explorer. By default, Mozilla uses Mozilla. Opening the app in Internet Explorer improved things. The asset is working and the CSS has been improved, but the images are still not displayed.

This is how it looks on IE:

They use a laptop as a server and access the application on 2 others. This is a temporary solution until the server is purchased.