Fitting sine function with neural network and ReLU (Keras)

I am trying to approximate a sinusoidal function with a neural network (Keras).

Yes, I read the related posts :)

• Link 1

• Link 2

• Link 3

Using four hidden sigmoid neurons and a linearly activated output layer works fine.

But there are also settings that provide me with results that seem odd to me.

Since I just started working with what interests me, what and why is happening, but I could not figure out what until now.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import numpy as np
np.random.seed(7)

from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense
import pylab as pl
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler

X = np.linspace(0.0 , 2.0 * np.pi, 10000).reshape(-1, 1)
Y = np.sin(X)

x_scaler = MinMaxScaler()
#y_scaler = MinMaxScaler(feature_range=(-1.0, 1.0))
y_scaler = MinMaxScaler()

X = x_scaler.fit_transform(X)
Y = y_scaler.fit_transform(Y)

model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(4, input_dim=X.shape[1], kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='relu'))
# model.add(Dense(4, input_dim=X.shape[1], kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='sigmoid'))
# model.add(Dense(4, input_dim=X.shape[1], kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='tanh'))
model.add(Dense(1, kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='linear'))

model.compile(loss='mse', optimizer='adam', metrics=['mae'])

model.fit(X, Y, epochs=500, batch_size=32, verbose=2)

res = model.predict(X, batch_size=32)

res_rscl = y_scaler.inverse_transform(res)

Y_rscl = y_scaler.inverse_transform(Y)

pl.subplot(211)
pl.plot(res_rscl, label='ann')
pl.plot(Y_rscl, label='train')
pl.xlabel('#')
pl.ylabel('value [arb.]')
pl.legend()
pl.subplot(212)
pl.plot(Y_rscl - res_rscl, label='diff')
pl.legend()
pl.show()

      

        
        
        
      

    

This is the result for four hidden neurons (ReLU) and line-out activation.

Why does the result take the form of ReLU?

Does it have anything to do with normalizing the output?